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Case Study

Northern Trains & Biffa trial the UK rail industry’s first smart bin recycling sensors

Northern Trains & Biffa · Smart Bin Sensors — Waste Management

Sustainability challenges

Northern Trains have an ambitious target to recycle 70% of the waste produced across their sites. Measuring those rates accurately — and making quantifiable improvements quickly — is essential. The solution also allows the team to adjust recycling schemes in response to seasonal trends, preventing bin overflow and the resulting environmental pollution.

Innovative monitoring

Developed specifically for this application, clever algorithms convert fill-level data into an estimated weight to deliver real-time, accurate recycling data. Sensors can be installed anywhere in the UK and automatically relay data to a secure online portal via IoT cellular networks — no Wi-Fi, no on-site IT infrastructure required.

Driving results

With sensors in the Biffa bins continually monitoring fill levels, the impact of various recycling initiatives can be measured quickly and easily. The smart bin sensors also monitor lid position and bin temperature — a valuable addition for security at remote locations and for detecting potential fire risk events.

277 Sensors deployed in recycling bins across stations
72 Stations across the North East fitted with sensors
70% Recycling target for Northern Trains

Committed to improving recycling rates across their service, Northern Trains — alongside waste management partner Biffa — deployed IoTSG smart bin sensors at stations across the North East. These intelligent sensors give Northern Trains real-time recycling volumes from individual bins, helping them monitor performance and make targeted improvements.

Supporting sustainability goals

Northern Trains’ 70% recycling target required granular, reliable data that manual inspection alone couldn’t deliver. With sensors continuously monitoring fill levels, collection routes can be optimised dynamically: bins that are filling faster can be emptied sooner, preventing overflow and the environmental pollution that follows. Those that are consistently underused can be reprioritised or moved.

The real-time visibility also means the team can measure the direct impact of new recycling initiatives — adjusting schemes across the network in response to seasonal trends and station-by-station behaviour rather than waiting for end-of-quarter reports.

How the sensors work

  • Ultrasonic fill-level sensors measure bin capacity in real time
  • Clever algorithms convert fill-level readings into estimated weight for accurate recycling data
  • Lid position and bin temperature are also monitored — detecting tampering and fire risk at remote locations
  • Data is transmitted via secure cellular IoT networks — no Wi-Fi or site IT infrastructure needed
  • All data feeds into a private online portal, accessible by the Northern Trains and Biffa operations teams
  • Sensors can be installed at any UK location, indoors or outdoors
Biffa waste collection truck emptying a smart bin sensor-fitted bin
Biffa collection at a Northern Trains station · sensor data optimises the route in real time